Quantum confinement
When size of dimensions of the nano material comes in the range of 1-10 nm, which is same as that of deBroglie wavelength of electrons, quantum confinement effect will come into picture. Quantum confinement is change of electronic and optical properties when the material samples is of sufficiently small size - typically 10 nanometers or less. This results splitting of energy levels in quantum dots. Semiconductor band gap increases with decrease in size of the nanocrystal. Quantum confinement of electronic particles in nanocrystals produces unique optical and electronic properties that have the potential to enhance the power conversion efficiency of solar cells for photovoltaic.
